JOURNAL ARTICLES
AP Photo
Summer 2012
"The Jihad Paradox: Pakistan and Islamist Militancy in South Asia"
International Security, issue 1, volume 37
By S. Paul Kapur and Sumit Ganguly, Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
Pakistan has used religiously motivated militant forces as a central part of its grand strategy since its founding, relying on armed groups to compensate for its material and political weaknesses. Recently, however, many of these groups have grown in strength and are looking to pursue their own agendas instead of bending to Pakistan’s will. Pakistan is thus caught in a jihad paradox: the very characteristic of the Pakistani state that makes supporting Islamist militancy useful also makes it extremely dangerous to Pakistan’s internal stability. Pakistan must recognize that its current policy has outlived its utility and work to defeat the militant organizations operating in its territory.
AP Photo
Summer 2012
"The Terrorism Delusion: America’s Overwrought Response to September 11"
International Security, issue 1, volume 37
By John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart
The reaction of the United States to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been massively disproportionate to the actual threat posed by al-Qaida. This exaggerated response has inspired an expensive quest to ferret out, and even to create, a nearly nonexistent threat. The evidence suggests that the attacks of September 11, however tragic and dramatic in the first instance, have spurred more than a decade of needlessly high-cost anxiety and alarm despite exceedingly limited evidence that such a high level of fear is warranted.
AP Photo
Summer 2012
"When Duty Calls: A Pragmatic Standard of Humanitarian Intervention"
International Security, issue 1, volume 37
By Robert Pape, Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
The need to intervene to stop genocide is not controversial, but the international community has made little progress in this regard since the term was coined during World War II. This is partly because the current standard for intervention—genocide—sets the bar too high, while the main alternative—the responsibility to protect—sets the bar too low. A new standard—the pragmatic standard of humanitarian intervention—recommends intervention only when it is possible to disrupt a government-sponsored homicide campaign and create lasting security for the threatened population with minimal risk to the intervening forces. Adherence to such a standard would significantly increase the number of humanitarian interventions without creating unacceptable costs for the intervening states.
Summer 2012
"Testing the Surge: Why Did Violence Decline in Iraq in 2007?"
International Security, issue 1, volume 37
By Stephen Biddle, Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1985–1987; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security, Jeffrey A. Friedman, Research Fellow, International Security Program and Jacob N. Shapiro
Why did violence decline in Iraq in 2007? A new analysis suggests that a synergistic interaction between the surge and the Awakening caused the significant drop in violence, creating a set of circumstances that neither could have achieved alone.
AP Photo
July 2012
"A New Case for Promoting Wastewater Reuse in Saudi Arabia: Bringing Energy into the Water Equation"
Journal of Environmental Management, volume 102
By Arani Kajenthira, Associate, Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program, Afreen Siddiqi, Visting Scholar, Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program and Laura Diaz Anadon, Associate Director, Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program; Director, Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group; Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy
Saudi Arabia is the third-largest per capita water user worldwide and has addressed the disparity between its renewable water resources and domestic demand primarily through desalination and the abstraction of non-renewable groundwater. This study evaluates the potential costs of this approach in the industrial and municipal sectors, exploring economic, energy, and environmental costs (including CO2 emissions and possible coastal impacts). Although the energy intensity of desalination is a global concern, it is particularly urgent to rethink water supply options in Saudi Arabia because the entirety of its natural gas production is consumed domestically, primarily in petrochemical and desalination plants.
AP Photo
June 27, 2012
"The Syrian Uprising: The View from Tehran"
Tel Aviv Notes, issue 12, volume 6
By Annie Tracy Samuel, Research Fellow, International Security Program
"Though the inconsistency of Iranian support for popular protest everywhere but Syria (and Iran itself) is apparent, it is hardly remarkable. Throughout the last 18 months of tumultuous events in the region, governments have struggled to calibrate their interests and align them with the values and beliefs used to justify their actions."
AP Photo
June 2012
"Oil Development in China: Current Status and Future Trends"
Energy Policy, volume 45
By Linwei Ma, Feng Fu, Former Associate, Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group (ETIP), 2011–2012; Former Research Fellow, ETIP, 2010–2011, Zheng Li and Pei Liu
This paper attempts to present a full picture of the current status and future trends of China's oil development through system analysis. The authors design three scenarios of China's oil demand in 2030 and analyze policy implications for oil conservation, automotive energy development, and energy security. From their analysis, they draw some conclusions for policy decisions, such as controlling total oil consumption to avoid energy security risks, enhancing oil conservation in all sectors with the emphasis on road transportation, and increasing investment in oil production and refining to secure oil supply and reduce emissions.
Rob Grover Photo
April 3, 2012
"Land and Water Impacts of Oil Sands Production in Alberta"
Environmental Science and Technology, issue 7, volume 46
By Sarah Jordaan, Former Associate, Energy Technology Innovation Policy (ETIP) research group, April–August 2012; Former Research Fellow, ETIP, February 2011–March 2012
Expansion of oil sands development results not only in the release of greenhouse gas emissions, but also impacts land and water resources. Though less discussed internationally due to to their inherently local nature, land and water impacts can be severe. Research in key areas is needed to manage oil sands operations effectively; including improved monitoring of ground and surface water quality.
May 2012
"The Politics of Psychology in the British Empire, 1898–1960"
Past & Present, issue 1, volume 215
By Erik Linstrum, Former Ernest May Fellow in History and Policy, International Security Program, 2011–2012
"This article first considers the ways in which experimental psychology and psychoanalysis hastened the obsolescence of ideas about the so-called 'primitive mind' and, in some cases, served the purposes of overtly anti-colonial politics. It then surveys the history of intelligence testing in the British Empire, which originated in the aftermath of the First World War, expanded in scale after the Second, and ultimately contributed to post-colonial development. Finally, it asks how far the case of psychology puts the very concept of 'colonial science' into question."
2012
Recommendations for Small Light Water Reactor Development in China
China Nuclear Power, issue 1, volume 5
By Yun Zhou, Research Fellow, Project on Managing the Atom/International Security Program
Abstract: This paper summarizes the history and features of advanced small light water reactor (ASWR), and provides recommendations and strategies on ASWR research and development in China. the ASWR can be used in remote power grid and replaces mid/small size fossil plant economically, and thus can be an important part of energy saving and emission reduction policy. the safety and economy characteristic of ASWR are able to effectively expand nuclear energy marekt in emerging countries and developing countries. therefore, ASWR should be considered as a critical part of China's nuclear technology and equipment export strategy.
